According to the Environmental Protection Agency, exposure to noise at 114 decibels for more than four seconds can harm hearing. In a new study, researchers explored the impact of noise exposure among commuters who used subways, trams, buses, and other forms of public transportation. The research team was surprised to find that commuters were often exposed to short bursts of noise levels above 114 decibels. The findings are concerning, as chronic excessive noise exposure is known to not only contribute to hearing loss, but can also lead to other health issues, such as depression, anxiety, increased risk of chronic diseases, and increased accident risk. Journal of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, November 2017